These assistive technologies are examples of software/devices that can help those who are blind or visually impaired read printed material or surf the web.
This text-to-speech software can help those who are blind or visually impaired use computers and also can read scanned printed material. Kurzweil offers various versions for individuals, schools, and institutions.
This page from the American Foundation for the Blind has a list of refreshable braille displays. These devices processes information on computer displays and electronically raises and lowers different combinations of pins in braille cells. It changes continuously as the user moves the cursor around on the screen.