Communication Plagiarism Tutorial

Hello and welcome to the Chester Fritz library's communication tutorial on plagiarism.

 My name is Brittany Fischer and I'm the subject librarian for communication. I'll be guiding you through this tutorial. The goal of this tutorial is to assist students in identifying plagiarism and to provide tips for success and avoiding recognizing plagiarism. This section will provide a broad overview of what plagiarism is. We will go over you UND's definition and other common definitions of plagiarism, the different types of plagiarism, and some of the implications of plagiarism. After watching this video, you will advance to the next part of the tutorial to read more about plagiarism, answer a few corresponding questions.

Let's get started. So what is plagiarism? According to the UND student code of life,  plagiarism is the appropriation, buying, receiving as a gift or obtaining by any means, another person's work and the unacknowledged submission or incorporation of it in one's own work. More commonly, plagiarism is the act of taking someone else's work and making it your own. Plagiarism can be intentional or unintentional, and any type of work can be plagiarized. Information can be taken from a variety of sources, including but not limited to, articles, websites, blogs, newspapers, infographics, data, emails, interviews, books, songs and art. Essentially anything that another person has created or shared, it can be plagiarized. There are a few different types of plagiarism, which we'll talk about in the next slide. It may be easy to understand what plagiarism is from provided definition, but it's a lot harder to understand it in context. There are many different forms of plagiarism and here  We'll talk about what plagiarism looks like and some actions that result in plagiarism. Taking someone else's words or ideas or phrases and passing them off as their own work is unethical. This makes it seem like the author has done more work than they truly have. And the author is taking credit where it's not due. Therefore, it's important to understand what plagiarism looks like. Plagiarism can be intentional or accidental. It is most likely a problem of improper paraphrasing or quoting and, or excluding citations. And the next slide, we will talk about actions that result in plagiarism. There are many ways that one can plagiarize work. In fact, there are at least seven different types of plagiarism. We won't go into those different types of plagiarism, but you will be asked to read about them. Hopefully not so common form of plagiarism is when a student buys a term paper online, they solicit someone else to do the writing for them, and then they turn in the work without having done any reading on the topic, put original thought to the paper, or written any of the content. This is an intentional form of plagiarism because students know that they need to do their own work. You may have done work in a previous class that you were really proud of and want to use it again for the current class you're in. While it's okay to build upon existing work, it's important to note that self-plagiarism is a form of plagiarism. If you are using your own work, you do have to provide attribution to yourself. And you should ensure that it's okay with your professor to reuse work. Another form of plagiarism is copying someone else's words or ideas. This can be either in the form of directly taking someone else's words from a published article or copying ideas and words from a classmate or another author. Although not intentionally harmful improper paraphrasing is considered plagiarism. We will get into what paraphrasing is later on in the tutorial. But essentially if a writer accidentally takes passages without providing quotes or rearranges the original author's words. It's plagiarism. Plagiarism is a form of dishonesty which can impact your academic and professional career, it's important to know that students can face the negative consequences of plagiarism is detected, plus it diminishes one's learning. The poor use of sources show that a student hasn't thought deeply on the topic, which results in a lack of creativity and poor quality papers. Such work can lead to poor grades or class failure, which impacts academic achievement overall. Working through this tutorial is just a first step in recognizing how to use sources ethically. Later on you will see other campus resources for more learning about this skill.

 Faculty who detect incorrectly sourced work may assign a starfish flag for student academic integrity concern.

 Because of its importance, this flag is handled with the utmost respect for privacy and is only seen by the reporting faculty member and a member of the office of student rights and responsibilities. The flag's purpose is to get the students attention and help them obtain the needed supports a correct the dishonest behavior. As discussed previously, many times, plagiarism is inadvertent and learning how to properly write with sources is an important lesson of college.

 Advancing after graduation, whether in jobs or graduate school, requires the ability to show creativity, ethics, and honesty. One way this is demonstrated is by producing,  writing that is well researched and sourced.  So committing to the theme of honesty and academic integrity. Here's the list of resources that we use to create this section of the presentation. Now that we've reached the end of this section, if you have any additional questions, please don't hesitate to reach out.

Sources used:

• Malnik, J. (n.d.). 7 Common Types of Plagiarism Explained. Writer's Room.

• Malnik, J. (n.d.). The 8 consequences of plagiarism. Writer’s Room.

• UND Office of Student Rights & Responsibilities.

• UND OSRR. Student Discipline

In this next section, we will talk about some tips for success and using sources ethically. We will discuss the difference between quoting and paraphrasing as well. Citation style guides the importance of citing and when to cite information. At the end of this video, you will be asked to do a series of activities. When working with sources, it's important to know how to properly quote and paraphrase. Quoting is when a writer takes someone else's direct words and uses quotation marks to indicate that it's someone else's words. The best practice is to use quotes only when necessary. You may need to use quotes when the original idea could potentially get lost in translation. Keep in mind that writing for news sources has a particular guideline on using quotes. And this guideline can be found in the AP style book. Paraphrasing is when a writer takes the idea from another source and puts the idea into their own words. Essentially, it's a lot like translating the original work into the writer's own writing style. When you use quotes or paraphrase, attribution to the original author is needed in both cases. Keep in mind that if paraphrasing isn't done properly, it could be considered plagiarism. And later on in this tutorial, we will give some advice on proper paraphrasing. So why do you need to cite sources? You need to cite your sources for several reasons. Probably the most obvious reason is that it gives credit to the original author and credit needs to be given because you're acknowledging their ideas and contributions. Citing is a major way to avoid plagiarism for this reason. Another important reason to cite sources is that it allows readers to trace back to the work you researched. They can use your citations to find more information if they choose to do so. They can also see what type of source you've used, such as an academic journal article. And finally, it shows that you've done work in researching a particular topic. And readers can see what you've cited, which is important in academic writing. At some point in your college career, you will need to give a speech or participate in public speaking. For information given orally, you need to provide citations for any information that you've referenced. The best way to do this is to provide the citation for where you're giving the information from. State if it's a direct quote and then give context to why you're using it in your speech. Additionally, Citation Managers are a great way to collect, save, organize, and share your references all in one place. You can choose from a variety of citation styles such as APA, MLA, Chicago, and more. These robust tools allow users to take notes and auto format in-text citations and reference lists in your papers.

 The library promotes Zotero as a citation manager to use and  Endnote and Mendeley are two that are also available as a citation manager, the library has a dedicated research guide for citation managers and for more information about each manager,  Please see that guide at libguides.und.edu/citation-managers.

und. Throughout your academic career and potentially even in your professional career, you will most likely use the APA citation style,  And if you're in journalism or news writing, the AP style guide.  please note that these guides are different.  The APA citation guide provides information for writers on how to format the paper and reference list, provides guidance on in-text citations and footnotes and endnotes and much more. The AP style guide provides news writers with information on what words to capitalize and abbreviate, guidance with punctuation and much more.

abbreviate, guidance with punctuation and much more.  What these both have in common is that these guides are meant to make a writer's work clear and concise. These rules help ensure that writers are consistent in their work and help the reader to understand and navigate someone else's work. There may be some instances where you wouldn't have to provide a citation. Common knowledge is a piece of information that is known by most people. An example of common knowledge would be that Paris is the capital of France. Be mindful of what's considered common knowledge to before you determine whether decided or not. Keep in mind that just because something is a fact, doesn't mean it's common knowledge. And it's also good to explain the source of your facts in case others want to follow up on them. If you're unsure whether something needs to be cited, best-case is to cite it anyway and committing to our theme of honesty and academic integrity. Here's a list of resources that we use to create the section of the presentation. Now that we've reached the end of the section, if you have any questions, please don't hesitate to reach out.

Sources: 

• University of Nevada, Reno. Quoting and Paraphrasing in Your Research.

• Donehower, K., Wimberly, A., Zerr, J. UND guide to writing. (2019). Fountainhead Press.

• University of Minnesota. (2011). University of Minnesota. (2011). Stand up, Speak Out: The Practice and Ethics of Public Speaking. University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing.

• MIT Libraries. Citing sources: Overview.

• Purdue Online Writing Lab. Associated Press Style.

• Purdue online Writing Lab. APA Overview and Workshop.

The next video talks about a resource called Smarthinking. UND no longer subscribes to Smarthinking and currently uses Brainfuse. You can access Brainfuse similarly, by logging into Blackboard and entering a Blackboard course. 

In this third video, we will talk about some additional resources for success in using sources ethically.

 At UND, you have access to a wide variety of resources.

 The Writing Center, Learning Services and the Chester Fritz Library are all trusted partners in your scholarly work.  In this next section, we'll talk a little more on how these services can be of assistance. The UND Writing Center is a great resource during any time of the writing process, students can make appointments with the Writing Center and share any concerns that they have. Consultants at the Writing Center will work with students to understand the goals of their writing piece, the intended audience, and work with the student to create a plan for revisions. The Writing Center is not a primary resource for detecting plagiarism. Rather, their consultants will work with the student and direct them to resources and help them learn how to use style guides, which is an important tool for correctly formatting citations.

 If students are looking for help immediately, UND  provides access to an online 24-seven tutoring service called Smarthinking.

 And this provides a writing and grammar check, which includes proper documentation of sources to access Smarthinking log into  Blackboard and enter a Blackboard course,  then select tools or student tools from the menu on the left and click on access Smarthinking. For more information about the writing center, visit their website at und.edu/  academics/  writing-center  Plagiarism often happens because of poor note-taking and poor time management skills. Maybe a student waited until the last minute  to write the paper and hadn't done any of the research before starting. This could lead to a frenzy note-taking, jotting down passages word for word from the readings, and then incorporating those passages into the paper without proper paraphrasing. Learning how to better manage time and avoiding procrastination can be useful for students that may be struggling with writing. Learning Services at UND provides many different surfaces such as academic coaching, where coaches can help with figuring out why procrastination happens, planning and managing time, as well as goal-setting and reducing stress and the feeling of being behind in work.  To schedule an appointment with an academic coach, go to starfish and then click on My Success Network and then select the title. Learning Services and tutoring,  you can find additional information on their website. The Chester Fritz Library is a valuable partner in the research process. Librarians and Peer Research Consultants,  or PRC, are available weekdays and selected evening hours. Peer research consultants are  undergraduate students who are trained by reference librarians to assist other undergraduate students in their research process.

 We can help students navigate the library databases, find credible sources, and in using citation managers and style guides. The library has copies of all major citation style manuals for in library use or limited checkout. You can make an appointment with a PRC or librarian on Starfish for a consultation. Additionally, we have research guides dedicated for each subject. These guides are curated by reference librarians to assist on particular topic. Information covered in these guides include but aren't limited to best databases for those assigned subjects, information on locating books and options for finding additional resources. For more information, visit our website at library.und.edu  Safeassign is a tool that's built into Blackboard and acts as a plagiarism detector. It compares the piece of writing to works found on  the Internet as well as in academic databases.

 Software then flags, places where the writer's work may not be original but copied from somewhere else. This is a good way to avoid accidental plagiarism and if use regularly will assist in avoiding self-plagiarism too.

It assigns a score. The higher the number, the more similarity phrases in the paper have to exist in other works. The originality report gives details on the student's papers phrases compared to the original source. The student can look through this to see if revisions are needed or if more citing or attribution in the text is required.

if more citing or attribution in the text is required.  Like any automated tool, it requires a bit of practice to use. So a good idea is to work with someone such as an instructor or writing center consultant when reading the report. Many times the item that is flagged for review will be just fine.  Or sometimes it will be hard to determine where the original materials located for the writer to use for comparison. Think of this as an extra review, as well as a way to practice answering questions or reader might have about where the information came from and how it is conveyed. Later on in the tutorial, we will provide information about accessing and working with SafeAssign. So now that we've reached the end of the section, if you have any questions, please don't hesitate to reach out.

This is a Chester Fritz library instruction video. In this video, I'll be leading you through how to submit a document to save his. First, you'll want to log into Blackboard. When you're logged in. Go to your courses. Scroll down to the very bottom course, or you should see student resource. When you click on that, go to the left panel and click on submitting work. From this page, scroll to the very bottom. You'll see practice safe assign, assignment. When you click on that. You can start new if you've done it before. If you haven't submitted before, you'll be brought directly to this page. From here. Attach your file. Press Submit. After you've attached the file that you want to review. From here, you'll see that the SafeAssign report is in progress. Let it load for about a minute, then refresh your page. When you refresh your page, you'll see next to save, assign your overall match percentage. assign your overall match percentage. To see more. Click on SafeAssign and view your originality report. From here, you'll be able to see what's been copied, what you'll need to cite, and things you'll want to change. If you need help, please contact one of these sources.

This tutorial has explained the many resources and tools available to using sources ethically and why this topic is so important. This section will provide a refresher on plagiarism, discuss what patchwriting means and give an overview of copyrights and how they differ from plagiarism. After watching this video, you will advance to the next part of the tutorial and answer a few corresponding questions. Let's get started.

Let's get started. There are at least seven different types of plagiarism, but let's review the two most likely cases. Improper paraphrasing can be avoided by taking time to incorporate one's own voice and other work. In most cases, the root of poor paraphrasing is procrastination and rush note-taking. Another common cause of plagiarism is omitting citations. There might be an instance where a writer takes words directly from an original author and provides no citation or attribution. This would be a clear form of plagiarism as it's intentionally taking words from another author and making it seem like it's original work. Another form of plagiarism that you need to be aware of is self-plagiarism. This is when writers reuse their own work without acknowledging that this work is not brand new content and by not citing themselves, while it's okay to build upon existing work, writers should be careful. Adding additional references or new research into the previous work might be okay, but attribution and acknowledgment that it's building upon previous work is needed. Depending on the context, building upon already existing work may not be appropriate. It's not a good idea to take work that you've done in another class and try to submit it for the current class you're in. This would be an issue of academic honesty. Talking with the faculty or writing center consultant is a good idea in cases where you have an idea of how to build upon an existing work without merely resubmitting a previous assignment. What a lot of the forms of plagiarism have in common is that they are improper ways of paraphrasing. This means that the other hasn't accurately restated the original author's idea in their own writing style and has instead imitated the original author's word choice or you synonyms to make it seem like the author has incorporated their own words into the rewrite. Patchwriting is when an author takes the ideas or words or phrases from the original author and changes how the words are presented or makes minor edits to the original work. The authors are still giving credit to the original author, but this is an indication to plagiarism because the author is restating what the original author has said rather than using their own words to convey the same idea, proper note-taking, taking a quote and looking away from it while writing your paper and giving yourself enough time to write our strategies that can help prevent patch writing. If this seems a little difficult to follow, try this thought exercise, exercise. Imagine you enter a room where people are excitedly discussing and debating an issue. You may have an instinct to jump right in and share your opinion based on your personal experience. Or you may decide to stand back and listen to what others are saying and how they're saying it. As people are talking, you start to think about your own ideas and how they relate to what's being said. When you join the conversation, you can credibly say, I believe something to be so based on this evidence and an agreement or disagreement with what this other person has said. You'd be using your own words and ideas, not just repeating what others in the room are saying. The larger the crowd in the room, the more important it is to keep straight who said what? Writing and citing work are exactly the same way with it being more permanent and open to a larger audience. That's why it's a good idea to build these skills. You will be in many conversations in different settings and you want to be seen as credible and formed an ethical. At the beginning of the tutorial, we asked you to identify the differences between copyright and plagiarism. The main difference between these two is that plagiarism isn't ethical while, violating copyright law as a legal issue. Copyright law exists to protect authors and their work. Copyright law can only protect items that are in a fixed, tangible format. So someone can plagiarize another person's ideas. But unless it's an, a tangible format, copyright wouldn't protect those ideas. This law is to protect against unauthorized copies, distribution, or reproduction of works. And while plagiarism doesn't protect it is a violation of trust. Sometimes work can be used and it doesn't violate copyright, but this is where it gets a little tricky. Works can be in the public domain or licensed with the Creative Commons license, and it will be available to use without violating copyright. Students would still need to cite the material that they are using. And if that's neglected, it would be academic dishonesty. Here's a list of the resources we use to create this section of the presentation. If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to reach out.

Sources:

This is the last video in this series for the plagiarism tutorial. We've covered a lot of information so far. Now we'll talk more on finding appropriate sources to use for your projects. You can use what you've learned in this tutorial to ensure that you use these sources ethically. We'll talk about library materials, Creative Commons licenses, and finding quality information online. As you do your searching, you'll need to have access to high-quality scholarly articles. The library serves as the information hub of campus where you can get access to those articles you need. Cfl or the Chester Fritz library subscribes to a variety of databases that give you access to different journals, magazines, newspapers, and more. Typically, these materials are behind a paywall,  meaning you would need to either subscribe to the journal or pay for the article. These costs can add up significantly, and that's why the library subscribes to these databases so it can help alleviate the cost. Journal articles are one of many information materials that you will use to advance the conversation of your topic that you're writing about. And proper attribution will be needed for these resources. A great tool that some library databases provide, is a citation generator.

 But like with all generators, you will need to double-check the accuracy of the citation will for putting in your paper. Subject librarians are available to help you navigate the databases, find information that fits your needs, and construct your search with keywords. Definitely reach out to your subject librarian if you need further assistance.

further assistance. That's what we're here for. We're here to help!

We're here to help! So what happens if you come across an article that's asking you to pay an alternative option to materials that are behind a paywall or resources that have a Creative Commons license. These are often referred to as CC licenses. Cc license allow researchers the ability to use the resource and even change it depending on what type of license is applied. You must be sure that the resources you're using has a CC license and that you understand what the license allows you to do. Creative Commons licenses give you the permission to use and or modify other people's work. There are six types of licenses. What each of the licenses have in common is that you can use it without cost to you and you must -- credit the creator.

 Some licenses allow you to do more than others. Some licenses will allow you to edit the resource,  use it for non-commercial uses only and or share any remake of the original work  with the same CC license. Images, articles, and blogs are all examples of resources that you might find with a CC license attached. And the great thing about these licenses is that they allow more flexibility with how you can use the resource. At some point, you may need resources that aren't available in academic journals. And you might go to the internet to find information. How do you recognize the quality? Do you know anything about the institution that's presenting the information? If you don't, how might you find more information about the institution? One way you can find more information about the institution is by going to the about section on the website. This will tell you a little more about the company, including how long they've been in business, what they do, and what they support. Another way that you can find more information about the institution is if you do a little background research on them. This instance, you can use reference resources like Credo from the library.

 You can do a Wikipedia search to see if there's more information on them. This will give you more contextual information about the company to help you make an informed decision on if they're reliable source or not. Some sources of reliable information might include a government publications,  research institutes, and credible blogs.

 Once you can identify where the claim is coming from, who's authoring the claim and background information on it, and have identified how you can use the material, you're ready to incorporate it into your paper. The importance of citations is emphasized in this part of the tutorial again, because readers should be able to trace back to the source you've found to support your claim or argument in your paper, as well as p[rovidubg credit. Citing information from a website might not be as easy as citing a journal article.  Remember that the library has copies of all major citation style guides available for limited checkout or in-library use.

for limited checkout or in-library use.  So now you've reached the end of the video lessons. Please complete the rest of this tutorial. If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to reach out.